小编:初中英语全部语法:初中的英语语法主要有哪些 初中英语语法大全(人教版) 11. 动词的时态 11.1 平凡当前时的用法 1) 常常性或习性性的动作,常与表示频腮度的日期状语连用。日期
初中英语全部语法:初中的英语语法主要有哪些初中英语语法大全(人教版)
11. 动词的时态
11.1 平凡当前时的用法
1) 常常性或习性性的动作,常与表示频腮度的日期状语连用。日期状语: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如:
I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点解脱家。
2) 客观真理,客观存在,在理原形。例如:
The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。
3) 表示警句或警句。例如:
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
留神:此用法假使出当前宾语从句中,即使主句是先前时,从句谓语也要用平凡当前时。
4) 当前时刻的态势、实力、性情、个性。例如:
比拟:Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。
I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。
第一句用平凡当前时,用于把持演示或指点说明的示范性动作,表示言行的刹那动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标记,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用平凡当前时。
归来动词的时态目录
11.2 平凡先前时的用法
1)在评判的先前日期里所缔造的动作或存在的态势。例如:日期状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。
2)表示在先前一段日期内,常常性或习性性的动作。
3)句型:It is time for sb. to do sth "到……日期了" "该……了"。例如:It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。 It is time that sb. did sth. "日期已迟了" "早该……了" ,例如It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。 would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁肯某人做某事'。例如:I'd rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。
4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用先前时,作试探性的询问、哀求、创议等,而平凡先前时表示的动作或态势都已成为先前,现已不复存在。例如:I thought you might have some. 我觉得你想要一些。
1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
2)情态动词 could, would。例如:
Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车,能借鉴一些吗?
归来动词的时态目录
11.3 used to / be used to
used to + do:"先前常常"表示先前习性性的动作或态势,但如今已不存在。例如:
Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老妈先前没那么健忘。
Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫先前常常漫步。
be used to + doing: 对……已感到习性,或"习性于",to是介词,后需加名词或动名词。
11.4 平凡未来时
1) shall用于第一人称,常被will 所轮换。will 在陈述句管用于各人称,在征求意见常常用于第二人称。
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗?
2) be going to +不定式,表示未来。
a. 主语的志愿,即刻做某事。例如:What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天计划作什么呢?
b. 计划,料理要缔造的事。例如:The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。
c. 有形迹要缔造的事。例如:Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云,快要下雨了。
3) be +不定式表未来,按计划或正式料理将缔造的事。
4) be about to +不定式,意为即刻做某事。例如:
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他即即刻去北京。
留神:be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示评判未来时的日期状语连用。
11.5 be going to / will 用于条件句时,be going to表未来,will表意愿。
11.6 be to和be going to
be to 表示客观料理或受人指示而做某事,be going to 表示主观的计划或计划。
11.7 平凡当前时表未来
1)下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的平凡当前时能够表示未来,主要用来表示在日期上已评判或料理好的事情。
2)以here, there等初步的倒装句,表示动作正在进行。
3)在日期或条件句中。例如:
When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后,让他等我。
4)在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如:
I hope they have a nice time next week. 我巴望他们下礼拜玩得适意。
11.8 用目向前行时表示未来
下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等目向前行时能够表示未来。
11.9 当前完结时
当前完结时用来表示之前已缔造或完结的动作或态势,其后果的波及当前还存在;也可表示继续到当前的动作或态势。其构成:have (has) +先前分词。
11.10 比拟平凡先前时与当前完结时
1)平凡先前时表示先前某时缔造的动作或纯真讲述先前的事情,着重动作;当前完结时为先前缔造的,着重先前的事情对当前的波及,着重的是波及。
2)平凡先前常常与透彻的日期状语连用,而当前完结时日常与隐约的日期状语连用,或无日期状语。
平凡先前时的日期状语:yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now等,皆为透彻的日期状语。
当前完结时的日期状语:for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等,皆不停定的日期状语。
共同的日期状语:this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。
3)当前完结时可表示继续到当前的动作或态势,动词平凡是继续性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。
平凡先前常常用的非继续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
句子中如有先前时的日期副词(如yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时,不能应用当前完结时,要用先前时。
11.11 用于当前完结时的句型
11.13 since的四种用法
1) since +先前一个日期点(如透彻的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。
2) since +一段日期+ ago。
3) since +从句。
4) It is +一段日期+ since从句。
11.14 继续动词与刹那动词
1) 用于完结时的差别
继续动词表示经验、经验; 刹那动词表示行动的后果,不能与表示段的日期状语连用。
2) 用于till / until从句的差别
继续动词用于评判句,表示"做……直到……" 刹那动词用于抵赖句,表示"到……,才……
11.15 先前完结时
1) 思想:表示先前的先前
--------------------------> 其构成是had +先前分词构成。
当初先前 当初 当前
2) 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如:
She said (that)she had never been to Paris. 她告知我她曾去过巴黎。
b. 状语从句
在先前不同日期缔造的两个动作中,缔造在先,用先前完结时;缔造在后,用平凡先前时。例如:
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察抵达时,小偷们早就跑了。
c. 表暗示向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用先前完结时表示"原本…,未能…"。例如:
We had hoped that you would come, but youdidn't. 当初我们巴望你能来,可是你不曾来。
3) 先前完结时的日期状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如:
He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他先前学过一些英语。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二岁那年,爱迪生初步自己谋生。
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
汤姆失望了,因为他抵达晚会时,整体部客人已经走了。
典典范题
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, left B,were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
答案D. "把书忘在办公室"缔造在"去取书"这一先前的动作之前,所以"忘了书"这一动作缔造在先前的先前,用先前完结时。句中when表示的是日期的一点,表示在"学友们正忙于……"这一背景下,when所引导的动作缔造。所以前一句使用先前进行时。
留神: had hardly… when 还没等…… 就……。例如:
I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我刚敞开门,他就打了我。
had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……。例如:
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车,转眼又卖了。
11.16 用平凡先前时轮换先前完结时
1) 两个动作如按次序缔造,又不着重先后,或用then,and,but 等连词时,多用平凡先前时。例如:
When she saw the mouse,she screamed. 她看到老鼠,就叫了起来。
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑妈给了我一顶帽子,我把它丢了。
2 ) 两个动作相继缔造,可用平凡先前时;如第一个动作必要若干日期完结,用先前完结时。例如:
When I heard the news, I was very excited.
3) 讲述历史原形,可不用先前完结时,而只用平凡先前时。例如:
11.17 未来完结时
1) 构成will have done
2) 思想
a. 态势完结:表示某事继续到未来某一时为止一直有的态势。例如:
They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到当初他们结婚将有二十年了。
b. 动作完结:表示未来某一时或另一个未来的动作之前,已经完结的动作或获取的经验。例如:
You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天当前,你已经抵达上海了。
11.18 目向前行时
目向前行时的大约用法:
a. 表示当前(指言语人言语时)正在缔造的事情。例如:
We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。
b. 习性进行:表示长年的或重复性的动作,言语时动作未必正在进行。例如:
Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在写另一部小说。(言语时并未在写,只处于写作的态势。)
c. 表示渐变,这样的动词有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如:
The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。
It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。
d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用,表示重复缔造的动作或继续存在的态势,常常带有言语人的主观色彩。
11.19 不用进行时的动词
1)表示原形态势的动词,如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如:I have two brothers. 我有两兄弟。
This house belongs to my sister. 这房子是我姐的。
2)表示心理态势的动词,如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如:I need your help. 我必要你的救助。
He loves her very much. 他爱她很深。
3)刹那动词,如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如:
I accept your advice. 我领受你的忠告。
4)系动词,如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。
11.20 先前进行时
1)思想:表示先前某时正在进行的态势或动作。
2)先前进行时的主要用法是描述一件事缔造的背景;一个长动作继续的时候,另一个短动作缔造。
3) 常用的日期状语有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。
参考资料: 巴望帮到你[*_*]
初中的英语语法主要有哪些
平凡当前时 do
平凡先前时 did
平凡未来时 will do
目向前行时 is(am are)doing
先前进行时 was(were)doing
平凡先前未来时 would do
先前完结时态 had done
当前完结时 have(has)done
一、 平凡当前时
1、定义 表示常常缔造的动作或存在的态势,如实力、个性、性质、身份等.
2、构成 1) be --- is, am, are 2) 实意动词用原形表示
句型转换 1) 情态动词,关系动词提前或直接在其后加 not 2) 实意动词加do/ does或don't/ doesn't
3、用法 1) 表示常常性的、习性性的或永远性的动作,常与 always, usually, often, sometimes, every day,
twice a month等连用. e.g. Does he usually go to school on foot?
2) 表示存在的态势,常用动词 be, have, love, like, know, see, hear, think, have, belong to 等.留神这些
动词平凡不用被动语态. e.g. He doesn't like music.
3) 表示不受日期局限的客观原形或普遍真理. e.g. The earth goes round the sun.
二、平凡先前时
1、定义 表示先前某一日期内缔造的动作或存在的态势,或许是顺次的,也或许是常常的,动作已完结.
2、构成 1) be – was,were 2) 实意动词用先前式来表示,不曾人称和数的变换.
句型转换 1) was, were 提前或直接加 not 2) 实意动词加did或didn't
3、用法 1) 表示先前某一日期内缔造的动作或存在的态势,常与表示先前的日期状语连用 yesterday , last Friday, in 1994, an hour ago, a moment ago, last November, before 1997, on December 26, 1976. yesterday morning.
2) 表示先前常常或重复缔造的动作. When I was in the university, I did morning exercises every day.
3) had当有讲时,构成疑问和抵赖有两种形式,其他词义同实意动词.
Did you have no friends? He hasn't enough time.
My father doesn't have lunch at factory. Did you have a good time?
三、平凡未来时
1、定义 表示未来某一日期内要缔造的动作或存在的态势,常与表示未来的日期状语连用.如tomorrow, today, this week, next week, next month, next year, next Wednesday, from now on, in a year, in the future
2、构成和用法1)shall 和will + 动词原形, 缩写为 'll,抵赖缩写为shan't, won't.
2) be going to do,常用于口语,表示计划去做的事和或许要缔造的事. It's going to rain.
3) is/ am/ are about to dowhen表即即刻缔造的事,不与日期连用.I was about to leave when it rained.
4) be to do sth. 按计划或职责、责任要求必须做的事或即刻缔造的动作.
5) 终止性动词come, go, leave, arrive等的目向前行时刻表示按计划,料理或即刻进行的动作.
6) 以if, as soon as, when, once, unless等引导的从句的平凡当前时表示平凡未来时.
四、先前未来时
1、定义 表示从先前某一日期来看即刻缔造的动作或存在的态势.
2、构成及用法 should 或would + 动词原形,常用于宾语从句中.
We asked him where we should have a meeting. 其他用法见平凡未来时.
五、目向前行时和先前进行时
定义:目向前行时表示1)当前正在进行的动作 2)现阶段一直在进行,继续性 3)当前阶段暂时缔造的动作,暂时性. is/ am/ are + doing
先前进行时表示1)先前某时正在进行的动作 2)先前某段日期正在进行的动作 3)先前刹那缔造的动作.was/ were + doing
Notes:1. 表料理、计划要缔造的动作可用进行时表示未来时.这些终止性动词有arrive, begin, come, go, leave, start
2. 目向前行时与always, often等频率副词连用,表示厌烦、赞叹等感情.
3. 在条件从句中,日期状语从句管用目向前行时表示未来进行时.
4. 同理,在表条件、日期状语从句中,用先前进行时表示先前未来进行时,在一些表初步,解脱的动词用先前进行时表先前未来时.
用法: 1. 当前完结时表示现阶段完结的动作或存在的态势,动作或态势从先前初步继续到当前,或许终止,
即动作缔造在先前着重对当前的波及,与当前有关,常与 already, ever, lately, just, now, recently, yet,
for + 段日期, since + 点日期;in the last/ past three years, so far, by now, up to now/ present等连用
2. 先前时指先前某时或某一段日期缔造的动作或存在的态势.指的当前之前的状况,与当前无关
3. 先前完结时指的先前某一日期动作之前缔造的动作或存在的态势,先前的先前.常用句型:
1) had done + before/ when/ by the time + did 2) did + after/ until + had done
3) had done + by/ up/ since/ till + 先前日期 4) No sooner had + S. + done than did
5) Hardly/ Scarcely had + S. + done when did 6) had meant to do …
Notes: 1. just刚才表示刚才先前,能够当做与言语日期亲密相连,可与当前完结时连用,也能够与先前时连用.但just now刚才=a moment ago, 只表示先前日期,只与先前时连用.
2. 一些终止性动词不能用完结时态的评判句与继续多久的日期状语连用,要用表态势的动词或用动词+介词短语或+形容词的完结式,还能够用it is+多少日期+since的句型.
3. since自从……以来 conj + 从句 prep + 表示日期点的名词.for prep.+ 多少日期,表示一段日期.
He has been studying since 3 o'clock/ since 3 hours ago/ since he came. He's been here for five hours.
4. in the past/last+多少日期,表示近日一段日期,用完结时,不用先前时.
5. have been去过某地(不在去过地)have gone到某地去了(不在言语地方).一,二人称不能用have gone. 6. 在美语中have/ has got = have/ has.
7. hardlywhen, no soonerthan 引导倒装句,常与先前完结时连用.
8. hope, intend, mean, plan, think, want常用先前完结时表示先前的志愿而的确不曾达到的状况
1、名词
1可数名词及其单复数;
2不可数名词
3专知名词
4名词所有格
2、代词
1人称代词
2物主代词
3反身代词
4指示代词
5不定代词
6疑问代词
3、数词
1基数词
2序数词
4、介词和介词短语
5、连词
6、形容词
1形容词的大约用法
2形容词的比拟级和最高级
7、副词
1副词的大约用法
2副词的比拟级和最高级
8、冠词
9、动词
1动词的大约形式
2系动词
3及物动词和不如物动词
4助动词
5情态动词
10、时态
1平凡当前时
2平凡先前时
3平凡未来时
4目向前行时
5当前完结时
6先前进行时
7先前完结时
11、被动语态
12、动词不定式
13、构词法
1混杂法
2派生法
3转变法
4缩写和简写
14、句子的门类
1陈述句(评判式和抵赖式)
2疑问句(平凡疑问句、特殊疑问句、抉择疑问句、反意疑问句)
3祈使句
4慨叹句
15、句子成分
1主语
2谓语
3表语
4宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)
5补语
6定语
7状语
16、简单句大约句型
1主语+系动词+表语
2主语+不如物动词
3主语+及物动词+宾语
4主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
5主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
6there be句型
17、并排复合句
18、主从复合句
1宾语从句
2状语从句
3定语从句
19、直接引语与间接引语
初中所有英语语法
词组大全
1.+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump
2 (比拟级 and 比拟级) 表示越来越怎么样
3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(简捷) 4 agree with sb 赞同某人
5 all kinds of 形形色色 a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个 世界
7 along with同……一道,陪伴…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你同时去
the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们同时种树
8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是获悉的
10 ask for ……求援 向…要…(直接接想要的东西) eg : ask you for my book
11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么
12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事
13 at the age of 在……岁时 eg:I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen
14 at the beginning of …… ……的最初;……的初步
15 at the end of +地点/+日期 最后;终点;末尾 eg : At the end of the day
16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候
17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句 感受/对什么有决计,自信
eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test
18 be + doing 表:1 目向前行时 2 未来时
19 be able to = can sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气
25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高
26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……解脱
29 be bad for 对什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好
30 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于……
32 be careful 端庄;端庄 33 be different from…… 和什么不一样
34 be famous for 以……知名 35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好
36 be from = come from 来自 eg :He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from Bejing ?
37 be full of 装满……的 be filled with 充满 eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water
38 be glad+to+do/从句 39 be going to + v = do well in 在某方面善长, 擅长……
41 be good for 对什么有实惠 eg : Reading aloud is good for your English
42 be happy to do 很愉快做某事
43 be helpful to sb 对某人有实惠
eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 厉声朗读对你有实惠
Exercising is helpful to your bady 锻炼对你的身体有实惠
44 be in good health 身体康健
45 be in trouble 处于困难中 eg : She is in trouble They are in tronble
46 be interested in 对某方面感兴致
47 be late for = come late to 延迟 eg: Be late for class 上课延迟
48 be like 像…… eg : I'm like my mother
49 be mad at 生某人的气
50 be made from 由……制成
51 be made of 由……制成 52 be not sure 表不停定
53 be on a visit to 观赏 54 be popular with sb 受某人迎候
55 be quiet 静谧 56 be short for 表**的缩写 eg: 陶 is short for 陶英雄
57 be sick in bed 得病在床 58 be sorry to do sth be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you
59 be sorry to hear that 60 be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to trouble you
61 be strict in doing sth 严于做某事 eg : He's strict in obeying noles
62 be strict with sb 对某人要求苛刻 eg: Some students are not strict with them selves 这些学生对自己不苛刻
63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面临某人苛刻 64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么
65 be sure 表评判 66 be sure of doing sth 对做某事有决计 eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well
67 be sure of sth 对做某事有决计 eg: I'm sure of my head afraid to do sth 胆寒做某事be afraid of sth 胆寒某物 be afraid that 丛句
76 because+句子 because of +短语
eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache
77 begin to do = start to do 初步做某事 start…with…=begin…with… 以什么初步什么
eg : Let's begin the game with the song I begin to go home
78 between…and… 两者之间
79 borrow sth from sb 向……借…… lend sth to sb = not different 表相同
81 bother 打扰 bother sb to do sth
eg : I'm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station
我极端谢罪打扰你,可是你能告知我怎么去车站
the problem has been bothering me for weeks 这个问题打扰了我几个周了
He's bothering me to lend him money
82 by the end of 到……为止 83 call sb sth eg : We call him old wang
84 care 关注 eg : Don't you care about this country's future ?你为什么不关注国度的未来
85 catch up with sb 赶上某人 86 chat with sb 和某人闲扯 take sb to + 地点 带某人去某地
87 come in 进88 come over to 降临
89 come up with 提出 eg: Can you come up with a good idea 你能想出一个好窍门吗?
90 communicate with sb 和某人交流
91 consider + doing 斟酌做什么 eg : Why not consider going to lu zhou 为什么不斟酌去泸州?
92 dance to 随着……跳舞 eg : She likes dancing to the music 她酷爱随着音乐跳舞
93 decide to do sth 定夺做某事 94 do a survey of 做某方面的调查 95 do better in 在……方面做得更好
96 do wrong 做错 97 Don't forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事 98 Don't mind +doing /从句 /名词 不要在意……
99 each +名(单)每一个…eg : Each student has many books 每一个学生都有一些书 100 end up +doing 101 enjoy +doing酷爱 102 escape from 从……窜逃eg: The prisoners have escaped from the prison犯人从监狱里窜逃出来 103 expect to do sth 期待做某事 104 fall down 摔下来 fall off 从哪摔下来 105 fall in love with sb /sth 爱上什么
106 far from 离某地远 eg : The school is far from my home 107 find +it +adj +to do 发觉做某事怎么样
108 find sb/sth +adj 发觉什么怎么样 eg : I find the book interesting 109 finish 完结+doing(名词)
110 fit to sb = be fit for sb 符合某人 111 forget to do 不曾做而忘了 forget doing 做了而又忘了 eg: Don't forget to go home I forget closing door 112 from…to… 从某某到某某 eg: From me for her
113 get /have sth down 做完,被(旁人)做…eg: I have my hair cut 我理了发 doing sth 做什么事情有繁琐
137 have…time +doing
138 have……off 放……假 eg: I have month off 我请一个月得假
139 hear sb +do/doing 听见某人做某事/正在做某事
140 help a lot 很大用场
141 help sb with sth \one's sth 救助某人某事(某方面) help sb do sth 救助某人做某事
142 hope to do sth 巴望做某事
143 How about = What about
144 how do you like = what do you think of 你对什么的见解
145 if : 是否=wether
eg: I don't know if I should go to the party 我不获悉我是否应该去插手晚会
He don't know if we will arrive on time tomorrow morning 他不获悉我们明天早上是否能准时抵达
146 if :假使,假使(整套接平凡时态)+条件语态从句
eg: I'll go to LuZhou if it does't rain 假使明天不下雨,我就去泸州
If they change the plan they will let me know 假使他们要变换计划,他们会让我获悉的
I'll go to England ,if I have enough money next year 假使我明年由足够的钱,我即刻去英国
147 in one's opinion = sb think 某人觉得
148 in some ways 在某些方面
149 in the end = finally 最后
150 in the north of… 什么在什么的北方 (north 北 sowth 南 west 西 east 东 )
语法
在英语语法网上
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初中英语语法
11. 动词的时态
11.1 一般现在时的用法
1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如:
I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。
2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。例如:
The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。
3) 表示格言或警句。例如:
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。
4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如:
I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错,讲的可不行。
比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。
I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。
第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。
返回动词的时态目录
11.2 一般过去时的用法
1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如:时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如:
Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了?
2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。例如:
When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候,常在马路上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
那时,布朗一家无论什么时候去,都受到热烈欢迎。
3)句型:It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"。例如:It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
It is time that sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了" ,例如It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'。例如:I'd rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。
4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等,而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。例如:I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
比较:Christine was an invalid all her life.(含义:她已不在人间。)
Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含义:她现在还活着)
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义:达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义:现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去)
注意: 用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气。
1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如:
Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗?
I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。
2)情态动词 could, would。例如:
Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车,能借用一些吗?
返回动词的时态目录
11.3 used to / be used to
used to + do:"过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,但如今已不存在。例如:
Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老妈过去没那么健忘。
Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫过去常常散步。
be used to + doing: 对……已感到习惯,或"习惯于",to是介词,后需加名词或动名词。例如:
He is used to a vegetarian diet.
Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫现在已习惯于散步了。
典型例题
---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.
---- It's 69568442.
A.didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't
答案A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语,但从语意上看出,在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去,因此应用过去时。
返回动词的时态目录
11.4 一般将来时
1) shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称。例如:
Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先读哪一段呢?
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗?
2) be going to +不定式,表示将来。
a. 主语的意图,即将做某事。例如:What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢?
b. 计划,安排要发生的事。例如:The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。
c. 有迹象要发生的事。例如:Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云,快要下雨了。
3) be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如:
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。
4) be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事。例如:
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。
注意:be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
返回动词的时态目录
11.5 be going to / will 用于条件句时,be going to表将来,will表意愿。例如:
If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.
返回动词的时态目录
11.6 be to和be going to
be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事,be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。例如:
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。(客观安排)
I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。(主观安排)
返回动词的时态目录
11.7 一般现在时表将来
1)下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如:
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开?十分钟后。
2)以here, there等开始的倒装句,表示动作正在进行。例如:
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。
3)在时间或条件句中。例如:
When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后,让他等我。
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里,就写信给你。
4)在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如:
I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前,务必把窗户关了。
返回动词的时态目录
11.8 用现在进行时表示将来
下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如:
I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗?
返回动词的时态目录
11.9 现在完成时
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其结果的影响现在还存在;也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成:have (has) +过去分词。
返回动词的时态目录
11.10 比较一般过去时与现在完成时
1)一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。
2)一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now等,皆为具体的时间状语。
现在完成时的时间状语:for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等,皆不确定的时间状语。
共同的时间状语:this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。
3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。
一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如:
I saw this film yesterday. (强调看的动作发生过了)
I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了)
Why did you get up so early? (强调起床的动作已发生过了)
Who hasn't handed in his paper? (强调有卷子未交,疑为不公平竞争)
He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续)
He has been a League member for three years. (是团员的状态可持续)
句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。
(错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
(对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
返回动词的时态目录
11.11 用于现在完成时的句型
1)It is the first / second time.... that…结构中的从句部分,用现在完成时。例如:
It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次访问这城市。
This is the first time (that)I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
注意:It was the third time that the boy had been late.
2)This is +形容词最高级+that…结构,that 从句要用现在完成时。例如:
This is the best film thatI've (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。
典型例题
(1) ---Do you know our town at all?
---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时,故选B。
(2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时,反意词为never,此两词常用于完成时。
注意:非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
(错)I have received his letter for a month.
(对)I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
返回动词的时态目录
11.12 比较since和for
Since 用来说明动作起始时间,for用来说明动作延续时间长度。例如:
I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在这儿二十多年了。
I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生起就住在这儿了。
注意:并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。)
I have worked here for many years.(现在我仍在这里工作。)
注意:用句型转换的方法,很容易排除非延续动词在有for/since结构的完成时中的误用。
1)(对) Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2)(错) Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
显然,第二句不对,它应改为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.
返回动词的时态目录
11.13 since的四种用法
1) since +过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。例如:
I have been here since 1989. 1989起,我一直在这儿。
2) since +一段时间+ ago。例如:
I have been here since five months ago. 我在这儿,已经有五个月了。
3) since +从句。例如:
Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后,变化可大了。
Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我们走后,变化可大了。
4) It is +一段时间+ since从句。例如:
It is two years since I became a postgraduate student. 我考上研究生有两年了。
返回动词的时态目录
11.14 延续动词与瞬间动词
1) 用于完成时的区别
延续动词表示经验、经历; 瞬间动词表示行为的结果,不能与表示段的时间状语连用。例如:
He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。 (表结果)
I've known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)
2) 用于till / until从句的差异
延续动词用于肯定句,表示"做……直到……" 瞬间动词用于否定句,表示"到……,才……"。例如:
Hedidn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10 点才回来。
He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10点。
典型例题
1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
答案B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响,我知道她的模样,你不用描述。再次,several times告知为反复发生的动作,因此用现在完成时。
2. ---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.
---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
答案A. 等待的动作由过去开始,持续到现在,应用现在完成时。
返回动词的时态目录
11.15 过去完成时
1) 概念:表示过去的过去
--------------------------> 其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时以前 那时 现在
2) 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如:
She said (that)she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。
b. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。例如:
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时,小偷们早就跑了。
c. 表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…"。例如:
We had hoped that you would come, but youdidn't. 那时我们希望你能来,但是你没有来。
3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如:
He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他以前学过一些英语。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二岁那年,爱迪生开始自己谋生。
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
汤姆失望了,因为他到达晚会时,大部分客人已经走了。
典型例题
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, left B,were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前,因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去,用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点,表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下,when所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。
注意: had hardly… when 还没等…… 就……。例如:
I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我刚打开门,他就打了我。
had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……。例如:
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车,转眼又卖了。
返回动词的时态目录
11.16 用一般过去时代替过去完成时
1) 两个动作如按顺序发生,又不强调先后,或用then,and,but 等连词时,多用一般过去时。例如:
When she saw the mouse,she screamed. 她看到老鼠,就叫了起来。
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑妈给了我一顶帽子,我把它丢了。
2 ) 两个动作相继发生,可用一般过去时;如第一个动作需要若干时间完成,用过去完成时。例如:
When I heard the news, I was very excited.
3) 叙述历史事实,可不用过去完成时,而只用一般过去时。例如:
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
返回动词的时态目录
11.17 将来完成时
1) 构成will have done
2) 概念
a. 状态完成:表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。例如:
They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那时他们结婚将有二十年了。
b. 动作完成:表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前,已经完成的动作或获得的经验。例如:
You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天此时,你已经到达上海了。
返回动词的时态目录
11.18 现在进行时
现在进行时的基本用法:
a. 表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。例如:
We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。
b. 习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。例如:
Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在写另一部小说。(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。)
c. 表示渐变,这样的动词有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如:
The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。
It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。
d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如:
You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。
典型例题
My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态,应用进行时,由于没有找到,其影响仍然存在,应用完成时,瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
返回动词的时态目录
11.19 不用进行时的动词
1)表示事实状态的动词,如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如:I have two brothers. 我有两兄弟。
This house belongs to my sister. 这房子是我姐的。
2)表示心理状态的动词,如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如:I need your help. 我需要你的帮助。
He loves her very much. 他爱她很深。
3)瞬间动词,如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如:
I accept your advice. 我接受你的劝告。
4)系动词,如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。例如:
You seem a little tired. 你看上去有点累。
返回动词的时态目录
11.20 过去进行时
1)概念:表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
2)过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景;一个长动作延续的时候,另一个短动作发生。
3) 常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如:
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我兄弟骑车时摔了下来,受了伤。
It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时,正下着雨。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 我到达山顶时,阳光灿烂。
典型例题
1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情,应用过去时。同时,when表时间的同时性,"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景,因此用过去进行时。
2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
A. read;was falling B. was reading; fell C. was reading; was falling D. read;fell
答案B.句中的as = when, while,意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时,用过去进行;一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时,奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell(fall的过去时),是系动词,后跟形容词,如:fall sick。
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