小编：初中英语知识点综合 平凡当前时的用法 1) 常常性或习性性的动作，常与表示频腮度的日期状语连用。 日期状语: every, sometimes, at, on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2) 客观真理，
初中英语知识点综合
平凡当前时的用法
1) 常常性或习性性的动作，常与表示频腮度的日期状语连用。
日期状语: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
2) 客观真理，客观存在，在理原形。
The earth moves around the sun.
Shanghai lies in the east of China.
3) 表示警句或警句中。
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
留神:此用法假使出当前宾语从句中，即使主句是先前时，从句谓语也要用平凡当前时。
例:Columbus proved that the earth is round..
4) 当前时刻的态势、实力、性情、个性。
I don’t want so much.
Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.
比拟:Now I put the sugar in the cup.
I am doing my homework now.
第一句用平凡当前时，用于把持演示或指点说明的示范性动作，表示言行的刹那动作。再如:Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标记，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用平凡当前时。
2.平凡先前时的用法
1)在评判的先前日期里所缔造的动作或存在的态势。
日期状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。
Where did you go just now?
2)表示在先前一段日期内，常常性或习性性的动作。
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
3)句型:
It is time for sb. to do sth "到……日期了" "该……了"
It is time sb. did sth. "日期已迟了" "早该……了"
It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
would rather sb. did sth. 表示’宁肯某人做某事’
I’d rather you came tomorrow.
4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用先前时，作试探性的询问、哀求、创议等。
I thought you might have some. 我觉得你想要一些。
比拟:
平凡先前时表示的动作或态势都已成为先前，现已不复存在。
Christine was an invalid all her life.
Christine has been an invalid all her life.
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
留神: 用先前时表示当前，表示委婉语气。
1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
Did you want anything else?
I wondered if you could help me.
2)情态动词 could, would.
Could you lend me your bike?
3. used to / be used to
used to + do:"先前常常"表示先前习性性的动作或态势，但如今已不存在。
Mother used not to be so forgetful.
Scarf used to take a walk.
be used to + doing: 对……已感到习性，或"习性于"，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。
He is used to a vegetarian diet.
Scarf is used to taking a walk.
典典范题
---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.
---- It’s 69568442.
A. didn’t B. couldn’t C. don’t D. can’t
答案A. 本句虽不曾评判的日期状语，但从语意上看 出，在听的时候不曾听懂这个动作缔造在先前，所以使用先前时。
4. 平凡未来时
1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所轮换。
will 在陈述句管用于各人称，在争求意见常常用于第二人称。
Which paragraph shall I read first.
Will you be at home at seven this evening?
2) be going to +不定式，表示未来。
a. 主语的志愿，即刻做某事。
What are you going to do tomorrow?
b. 计划，料理要缔造的事。
The play is going to be produced next month。
c. 有形迹要缔造的事
Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
3) be +不定式表未来，按计划或正式料理将缔造的事。
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
4) be about to +不定式，意为即刻做某事。
He is about to leave for Beijing.
留神:be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示评判未来时的日期状语连用。
5. be going to / will
用于条件句时， be going to 表未来
will 表意愿
If you are going to make a journey, you’d better get ready for it a s soon as possible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.
6. be to和be going to
be to 表示客观料理或受人指示而做某事。
be going to 表示主观的计划或计划。
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.
I’m going to play football tomorrow afternoon.
7. 平凡当前时表未来
1)下列动词:come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的平凡当前时表未来。这主要用来表示在日期上已评判或料理好的事情。
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.
2)倒装句，表示动作正在进行，如:
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.
3)在日期或条件句中。
When Bill comes , ask him to wait for me.
I’ll write to you as soon as I arrive there.
4)在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等后。
I hope they have a nice time next week.
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.
11. 用于当前完结时的句型
1)It is the first / second time…. that…构造中的从句部分，用当前完结时。
It is the first time that I have visited the city.
It was the third time that the boy had been late.
2)This is the… that…构造，that 从句要用当前完结时.
This is the best film that I’ve seen.
这是我看过的优良的电影。
This is the first time I’ve heard him sing. 这是我第顺次听他唱歌。
典典范题
---Do you know our town at all?
---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为当前完结时，故选B。
---Have you ____ been to our town before?
---No, it’s the first time I ___ here.
A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
答案D. ever意为已经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完结时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完结时。
留神:非继续性动词的抵赖形式能够与表示继续日期的状语连用。即动作不缔造的态势是能够继续的。
I have received his letter for a month.
I haven’t received his letter for almost a month.
12. 比拟since和for
Since 用来说明动作起始日期，for用来说明动作继续日期长度。
I have lived here for more than twenty years.
I have lived here since I was born..
My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949.
Some new oilfields have been opened up since 1976.
I have known Xiao Li since she was a little girl.
My brother has been in the Youth League for two years.
I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.
留神:并非有for 作为日期状语的句子都用当前完结时。
I worked here for more than twenty years.
I have worked here for many years.
小门道: 当当前完结时+一段日期，这一构造中，我们用下面的公式转变，很简捷就能取消非继续动词在完结时中的误使。
1) Tom has studied Russian for three years.
= Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2) Harry has got married for six years.
= Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.
13. since的四种用法
1) since +先前一个日期点 。
I have been here since 1989.
2) since +一段日期+ ago
I have been here since five months ago.
3) since +从句
Great changes have taken place since you left.
Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here.
4) It is +一段日期+ since从句
It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.
被动语态的几门类型
1)主语句中有一个宾语的被动语态，如:
He saw her in the shop yesterday.
She was seen in the shop yesterday.
2) 主语有两个宾语的被动语态
Li Lei gave me a chemistry book.
I was given a chemistry book by Li Lei.
A chemistry book was given to me by Li Lei.
3)主动句中含宾语补足语的句子的被动语态
若宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加"to"。此类动词为
感官动词:feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch
The teacher made me go out of the classroom.
--> I was made to go out of the classroom .
We saw him play football on the playground.
--> He was seen to play football on the playground.
若宾语补足语是带to的不定式，那么被动语态仍保存to:
Mother told me not to be late
I was told not to be late by mother.
5)情态动词+ be +先前分词，构成被动语态。
Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry.
6)表示"据说"或"信任" 的词组
believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand
It is said that… 据说
It is reported that… 据报道
It is believed that… 大家信任
It is hoped that… 大家巴望
It is well known that… 家喻户晓
It is thought that… 大家觉得
It is suggested that… 据创议
It is taken granted that… 被视为当然
It has been decided that… 大家定夺
It must be remember that…必须记住的是
It is said that she will leave for Wuhan on Tuesday.
14. 继续动词与刹那动词
1) 用于完结时的差别
继续动词表示经验、经验; 刹那动词表示行动的结 果，不能与表示段的日期状语连用。
He has completed the work. 他已完结了那项工作。
I’ve known him since then. 我从当初起就认识他了。
2) 用于till / until从句的差别
继续动词用于评判句，表示"做……直到……" 刹那动词用于抵赖句，表示"到……，才……"
He didn’t come back until ten o’clock.
他到10 点才归来。
He slept until ten o’clock.
他一直睡到10点。
典典范题
1. You don’t need to describe her. I ___ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
答案B. 首先本题后句着重对当前的波及，我获悉她的相貌，你不用描述。再次，several times告知为重复缔造的动作，所以用当前完结时。
2.---I’m sorry to keep you waiting.
---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
答案A. 期待的动作由先前初步，继续到当前，使用现
. 不定式作宾语
1) 动词+ 不定式
afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake
示例:
The driver failed to see the other car in time.
司机没能即时目睹另一辆车。
I happen to know the answer to your question.
我巧合获悉你那道问题的答案。
2)动词+不定式 ; 动词+宾语+不定式
ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish…
I like to keep everything tidy. 我酷爱每件东西都保持干净。
I like you to keep everything tidy. 我酷爱你年使每件东西都保持干净。
I want to speak to Tom. 我想和汤姆谈话。
I want you to speak to Tom. 我想让你和汤姆谈话。
3) 动词+疑问词+ to
decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell
Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。
There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can’t make up my mind which to buy.有这样多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。
留神:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。
The question is how to put it into practice.
问题是怎样把它付诸施行。
2. 不定式作补语
1) 动词+宾语+不定式
advise allow appoint believe cause challenge command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force guess hire imagine impel induce inform instruct invite judge know like order permit persuade remind report request require select send state suppose tell think train trust understand urge warn
例句:
a. Father will not allow us to play on the street.
父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。
b. We believe him to be guilty.
我们信任他是有罪的。
Find 的特殊用法:
Find 后可用分词做宾补，或先加形式宾语，再加形容词，最后加带to 的动词不定式。find后也可带一个从句。此类动词还有get，have。
I found him lying on the ground.
I found it important to learn.
I found that to learn English is important.
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初中英语根基知识
It is···（for sb）to do
send sth to sb =send sb sth
forget to do sth 忘怀干某事
forget doing sth 忘怀干过某事
finish doing sth 完结某事
the solar calendar阳历
the lundar calendar 阴历
adj的用法：
adj+从属连词than引导的状语从句，此构造用于两者之间的比拟，表示比···更···
例：The sun is bigger than the earth
as+adj+as引导的日期状语从句的评判构造，用于两者之间的同级比拟，表示···和···一样
例：He is as funny as his father
11. 动词的时态
11.1 平凡当前时的用法
1） 常常性或习性性的动作，常与表示频腮度的日期状语连用。日期状语： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如：
I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点解脱家。
2） 客观真理，客观存在，在理原形。例如：
The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。
3） 表示警句或警句。例如：
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
留神：此用法假使出当前宾语从句中，即使主句是先前时，从句谓语也要用平凡当前时。
例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证明了地球是圆的。
4） 当前时刻的态势、实力、性情、个性。例如：
I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。
比拟：Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。
I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。
第一句用平凡当前时，用于把持演示或指点说明的示范性动作，表示言行的刹那动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标记，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用平凡当前时。
归来动词的时态目录
11.2 平凡先前时的用法
1）在评判的先前日期里所缔造的动作或存在的态势。例如：日期状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如：
Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了？
2）表示在先前一段日期内，常常性或习性性的动作。例如：
When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
当初，布朗一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈迎候。
3）句型：It is time for sb. to do sth "到……日期了" "该……了"。例如：It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
It is time that sb. did sth. "日期已迟了" "早该……了" ，例如It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
would （had） rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁肯某人做某事'。例如：I'd rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。
4） wish, wonder, think, hope 等用先前时，作试探性的询问、哀求、创议等，而平凡先前时表示的动作或态势都已成为先前，现已不复存在。例如：I thought you might have some. 我觉得你想要一些。
比拟：Christine was an invalid all her life.（含意：她已不在人寰。）
Christine has been an invalid all her life.（含意：她当前还活着）
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含意：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。）
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含意：当前还住在肯塔基州，有或许指刚离开）
留神： 用先前时表示当前，表示委婉语气。
1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如：
Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗？
I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。
2）情态动词 could, would。例如：
Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车，能借鉴一些吗？
归来动词的时态目录
11.3 used to / be used to
used to + do："先前常常"表示先前习性性的动作或态势，但如今已不存在。例如：
Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老妈先前没那么健忘。
Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫先前常常漫步。
be used to + doing： 对……已感到习性，或"习性于"，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。例如：
He is used to a vegetarian diet.
Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫当前已习性于漫步了。
典典范题
---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.
---- It's 69568442.
A.didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't
答案A. 本句虽不曾评判的日期状语，但从语意上看出，在听的时候不曾听懂这个动作缔造在先前，所以使用先前时。
归来动词的时态目录
11.4 平凡未来时
1） shall用于第一人称，常被will 所轮换。will 在陈述句管用于各人称，在征求意见常常用于第二人称。例如：
Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先读哪一段呢？
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗？
2） be going to +不定式，表示未来。
a. 主语的志愿，即刻做某事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天计划作什么呢？
b. 计划，料理要缔造的事。例如：The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。
c. 有形迹要缔造的事。例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。
3） be +不定式表未来，按计划或正式料理将缔造的事。例如：
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下礼拜六斟酌这份报告。
4） be about to +不定式，意为即刻做某事。例如：
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他即即刻去北京。
留神：be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示评判未来时的日期状语连用。
归来动词的时态目录
11.5 be going to / will 用于条件句时，be going to表未来,will表意愿。例如：
If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.
归来动词的时态目录
11.6 be to和be going to
be to 表示客观料理或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主观的计划或计划。例如：
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。（客观料理）
I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。（主观料理）
归来动词的时态目录
11.7 平凡当前时表未来
1）下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的平凡当前时能够表示未来，主要用来表示在日期上已评判或料理好的事情。例如：
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开？极端钟后。
2）以here, there等初步的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。例如：
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。
3）在日期或条件句中。例如：
When Bill comes （不是will come）, ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后，让他等我。
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就写信给你。
4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如：
I hope they have a nice time next week. 我巴望他们下礼拜玩得适意。
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 解脱房间前，必须把窗户关了。
归来动词的时态目录
11.8 用目向前行时表示未来
下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等目向前行时能够表示未来。例如：
I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗？
归来动词的时态目录
11.9 当前完结时
当前完结时用来表示之前已缔造或完结的动作或态势，其后果的波及当前还存在；也可表示继续到当前的动作或态势。其构成：have （has） +先前分词。
归来动词的时态目录
11.10 比拟平凡先前时与当前完结时
1）平凡先前时表示先前某时缔造的动作或纯真讲述先前的事情，着重动作；当前完结时为先前缔造的，着重先前的事情对当前的波及，着重的是波及。
2）平凡先前常常与透彻的日期状语连用，而当前完结时日常与隐约的日期状语连用，或无日期状语。
平凡先前时的日期状语：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆为透彻的日期状语。
当前完结时的日期状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不停定的日期状语。
共同的日期状语：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。
3）当前完结时可表示继续到当前的动作或态势，动词平凡是继续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。
平凡先前常常用的非继续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如：
I saw this film yesterday. （着重看的动作缔造过了）
I have seen this film. （着重对当前的波及，电影的内容已经获悉了）
Why did you get up so early? （着重起床的动作已缔造过了）
Who hasn't handed in his paper? （着重有卷子未交，疑为不公正竞争）
He has been in the League for three years. （在团内的态势可继续）
He has been a League member for three years. （是团员的态势可继续）
句子中如有先前时的日期副词（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能应用当前完结时，要用先前时。
（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
归来动词的时态目录
11.11 用于当前完结时的句型
1）It is the first / second time. that…构造中的从句部分，用当前完结时。例如：
It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第顺次拜会这城市。
This is the first time （that）I've heard him sing. 这是我第顺次听他唱歌。
留神：It was the third time that the boy had been late.
2）This is +形容词最高级+that…构造，that 从句要用当前完结时。例如：
This is the best film thatI've （ever） seen. 这是我看过的优良的电影。
典典范题
（1） ---Do you know our town at all?
---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为当前完结时，故选B。
（2） ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
答案D. ever意为已经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完结时。
留神：非继续性动词的抵赖形式能够与表示继续日期的状语连用。即动作不缔造的态势是能够继续的。
（错）I have received his letter for a month.
（对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
归来动词的时态目录
11.12 比拟since和for
Since 用来说明动作起始日期，for用来说明动作继续日期长度。例如：
I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在这儿二十多年了。
I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生起就住在这儿了。
留神：并非有for 作为日期状语的句子都用当前完结时。
I worked here for more than twenty years. （我当前已不在此处工作。）
I have worked here for many years.（当前我仍在此处工作。）
留神：用句型转换的办法，很简捷取消非继续动词在有for/since构造的完结时中的误用。
1）（对） Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2）（错） Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.
归来动词的时态目录
11.13 since的四种用法
1） since +先前一个日期点（如透彻的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six）。例如：
I have been here since 1989. 1989起，我一直在这儿。
2） since +一段日期+ ago。例如：
I have been here since five months ago. 我在这儿，已经有五个月了。
3） since +从句。例如：
Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后，变换可大了。
Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我们走后，变换可大了。
4） It is +一段日期+ since从句。例如：
It is two years since I became a postgraduate student. 我考上斟酌生有两年了。
归来动词的时态目录
11.14 继续动词与刹那动词
1） 用于完结时的差别
继续动词表示经验、经验； 刹那动词表示行动的后果，不能与表示段的日期状语连用。例如：
He has completed the work. 他已完结了那项工作。 （表后果）
I've known him since then. 我从当初起就认识他了。（表经验）
2） 用于till / until从句的差别
继续动词用于评判句，表示"做……直到……" 刹那动词用于抵赖句，表示"到……，才……"。例如：
Hedidn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10 点才归来。
He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10点。
典典范题
1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
答案B. 首先本题后句着重对当前的波及，我获悉她的相貌，你不用描述。再次，several times告知为重复缔造的动作，所以用当前完结时。
2. ---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.
---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
答案A. 期待的动作由先前初步，继续到当前，使用当前完结时。
归来动词的时态目录
11.15 先前完结时
1） 思想：表示先前的先前
--------------------------> 其构成是had +先前分词构成。
当初先前 当初 当前
2） 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如：
She said （that）she had never been to Paris. 她告知我她曾去过巴黎。
b. 状语从句
在先前不同日期缔造的两个动作中，缔造在先，用先前完结时；缔造在后，用平凡先前时。例如：
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察抵达时，小偷们早就跑了。
c. 表暗示向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用先前完结时表示"原本…，未能…"。例如：
We had hoped that you would come, but youdidn't. 当初我们巴望你能来，可是你不曾来。
3） 先前完结时的日期状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如：
He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他先前学过一些英语。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二岁那年，爱迪生初步自己谋生。
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
汤姆失望了，因为他抵达晚会时，整体部客人已经走了。
典典范题
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
答案D. "把书忘在办公室"缔造在"去取书"这一先前的动作之前，所以"忘了书"这一动作缔造在先前的先前，用先前完结时。句中when表示的是日期的一点，表示在"学友们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作缔造。所以前一句使用先前进行时。
留神： had hardly… when 还没等…… 就……。例如：
I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我刚敞开门，他就打了我。
had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……。例如：
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车，转眼又卖了。
归来动词的时态目录
11.16 用平凡先前时轮换先前完结时
1） 两个动作如按次序缔造，又不着重先后，或用then，and，but 等连词时，多用平凡先前时。例如：
When she saw the mouse，she screamed. 她看到老鼠，就叫了起来。
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑妈给了我一顶帽子，我把它丢了。
2 ） 两个动作相继缔造，可用平凡先前时；如第一个动作必要若干日期完结，用先前完结时。例如：
When I heard the news, I was very excited.
3） 讲述历史原形，可不用先前完结时，而只用平凡先前时。例如：
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
归来动词的时态目录
11.17 未来完结时
1） 构成will have done
2） 思想
a. 态势完结：表示某事继续到未来某一时为止一直有的态势。例如：
They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到当初他们结婚将有二十年了。
b. 动作完结：表示未来某一时或另一个未来的动作之前，已经完结的动作或获取的经验。例如：
You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天当前，你已经抵达上海了。
归来动词的时态目录
11.18 目向前行时
目向前行时的大约用法：
a. 表示当前（指言语人言语时）正在缔造的事情。例如：
We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。
b. 习性进行：表示长年的或重复性的动作，言语时动作未必正在进行。例如：
Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在写另一部小说。（言语时并未在写，只处于写作的态势。）
c. 表示渐变，这样的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如：
The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。
It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。
d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示重复缔造的动作或继续存在的态势，常常带有言语人的主观色彩。例如：
You are always changing your mind. 你老是变换主意。
典典范题
My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
答案D. 前句是一个仍在继续的态势，使用进行时，由于不曾找到，其波及依旧存在，使用完结时，刹那动词用于抵赖式时可用于完结时。
归来动词的时态目录
11.19 不用进行时的动词
1）表示原形态势的动词，如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如：I have two brothers. 我有两兄弟。
This house belongs to my sister. 这房子是我姐的。
2）表示心理态势的动词，如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如：I need your help. 我必要你的救助。
He loves her very much. 他爱她很深。
3）刹那动词，如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如：
I accept your advice. 我领受你的忠告。
4）系动词，如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。例如：
You seem a little tired. 你看上去有点累。
归来动词的时态目录
11.20 先前进行时
1）思想：表示先前某时正在进行的态势或动作。
2）先前进行时的主要用法是描述一件事缔造的背景；一个长动作继续的时候，另一个短动作缔造。
3） 常用的日期状语有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如：
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我兄弟骑车时摔了下来，受了伤。
It was raining when they left the station. 他们解脱车站时，正下着雨。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 我抵达山头时，阳光华煌。
典典范题
1） Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
答案C. 割伤手指是已缔造的事情，使用先前时。同时，when表日期的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"供给事情缔造的背景，所以用先前进行时。
2） As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
A. read；was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事缔造的背景时，用先前进行；一个长动作缔造的时候，另一个短动作缔造。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell（fall的先前时），是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
英语中考必备知识点
中考英语知识点汇总
1 see、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at +do eg:I like watching monkeys jump
2 表示越来越怎么样
3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟
4 agree with sb 赞同某人
5 all kinds of 形形色色 a kind of 一样
6 all over the world = the whole world 整个 世界
7 along with同……一道，陪伴…… eg : Iwill go along with you我将和你同时去
the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们同时种树
8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样
9 as you can see 你是获悉的
10 ask for ……求援 向…要… eg : ask you for my book
11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么
12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事
13 at the age of 在……岁时 eg：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen
14 at the beginning of …… ……的最初;……的初步
15 at the end of +地点/+日期 最后;终点;末尾 eg : At the end of the day
16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候
17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句 感受/对什么有决计，自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test
18 be + doing 表：1 目向前行时 2 未来时
19 be able to = can 能够…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing
20 be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg :she is able to sing
21 be afraid to do sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气
25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样 eg : Sheis as tall as me 她和我一样高
26 be ashamed to
27 be away from 远离
28 be away from 从……解脱
29 be bad for 对什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun isbad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好
30 be born 出生于
31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于……
32 be careful 端庄;端庄
33 be different from…… 和什么不一样
34 be famous for 以……知名
35 befriendly to sb 对某人友好
36 be from = come from 来自 eg ：Heis from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come fromBejing ?
37 be full of 装满……的 be filledwith 充满 eg: the glass is full of water the glass isfilled with water
38 be glad+to+do/从句
39 be going to + v 未来时
40 be good at = do well in 在某方面善长, 擅长……
41 be good for 对什么有实惠 eg : Reading aloud is good foryour English
42 be happy to do 很愉快做某事
43 be helpful to sb 对某人有实惠 eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 厉声朗读对你有实惠 Exercising is helpful to your bady 锻炼对你的身体有实惠
44 be in good health 身体康健
45 be in trouble 处于困难中 eg : She is in trouble They arein tronble
46 be interested in 对某方面感兴致
47 be late for = come late to 延迟 eg: Be late for class 上课延迟
48 be like 像…… eg : I’m like my mother
49 be mad at 生某人的气
50 be made from 由……制成
51 be made of 由……制成
52 be not sure 表不停定
53 be on a visit to 观赏
54 be popular with sb 受某人迎候
55 be quiet 静谧
56 be short for 表**的缩写 eg: 陶 is shortfor 陶英雄
57 be sick in bed 得病在床
58 be sorry to do sth be sorryfor sb eg : I am sorry for you
59 be sorry to hear that
60 be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to troubleyou
61 be strict in doing sth 严于做某事 eg : He’s strict inobeying noles
62 be strict with sb 对某人要求苛刻 eg: Some students are notstrict with them selves 这些学生对自己不苛刻
63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面临某人苛刻
64 be supposed todo 被要求干什么
65 be sure 表评判
66 be sure of doing sth 对做某事有决计 eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well
67 be sure of sth 对做某事有决计 eg: I’m sure of my head
68 be sure that sth 对做某事有决计 eg: I’m suer that he canpass the test 我信任他能穿越考试
69 be sure to do sth必须会做某事eg: We are sure to pass thetest 我们必须会穿越这次考试 We are sure to learn English well 我们必须能学好英语
70 be terrified of + 名/动doing 胆寒……
71 be terrified to do sth 胆寒做某事
72 be the same as … 和什么一样
73 be used to doing sth 习性做某事 eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸习性早He isused to sleeping in class 他习性上课睡觉
74 be worth doing 上算做什么
75 be afraid to do sth 胆寒做某事be afraid of sth 胆寒某物 be afraid that 丛句
76 because+句子 because of +短语 eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache
77 begin to do = start to do 初步做某事start…with…=begin…with… 以什么初步什么 eg : Let’s begin the game with the song I begin to go home
78 between…and… 两者之间
79 borrow sth from sb 向……借……lend sth to sb = not different 表相同
81 bother 打扰 bother sb to do sth eg : I’m sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station 我极端谢罪打扰你，可是你能告知我怎么去车站
the problem has been bothering me for weeks 这个问题打扰了我几个周了
He’s bothering me to lend him money
82 by the end of 到……为止
83 callsb sth eg : We call him old wang
84 care 关注 eg : Don’t you care about this country’s future ?你为什么不关注国度的未来
85 catch up with sb 赶上某人
86 chat with sb 和某人闲扯 take sb to + 地点 带某人去某地
87 come in 进
88 come over to 降临
89 come up with 提出 eg: Can you come up with a good idea你能想出一个好窍门吗?
90 communicate with sb 和某人交流
91 consider + doing 斟酌做什么 eg : Why not consider going to lu zhou 为什么不斟酌去泸州?
92 dance to 随着……跳舞 eg : Shelikes dancing to the music 她酷爱随着音乐跳舞
93 decide to do sth 定夺做某事
94 do a survey of 做某方面的调查
95 do better in 在……方面做得更好
96 do wrong 做错
97 Don’t forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事
98 Don’t mind +doing /从句 /名词 不要在意……
99 each +名每一个…eg : Each student has many books 每一个学生都有一些书
100 end up +doing
初中英语知识点，重点语法综合
平凡当前时 do
平凡先前时 did
平凡未来时 will do
目向前行时 is（am are）doing
先前进行时 was（were）doing
平凡先前未来时 would do
先前完结时态 had done
当前完结时 have（has）done
一、 平凡当前时
1、定义 表示常常缔造的动作或存在的态势，如实力、个性、性质、身份等。
2、构成 1) be --- is, am, are 2) 实意动词用原形表示
句型转换 1)情态动词，关系动词提前或直接在其后加 not 2) 实意动词加do/ does或don't/ doesn't
3、用法 1) 表示常常性的、习性性的或永远性的动作，常与 always, usually, often, sometimes, every day,
twice a month等连用. e.g. Does he usually go to school on foot?
2) 表示存在的态势，常用动词 be, have, love, like, know, see, hear, think, have, belong to 等。留神这些
动词平凡不用被动语态. e.g. He doesn't like music.
3) 表示不受日期局限的客观原形或普遍真理. e.g. The earth goes round the sun.
二、平凡先前时
1、定义 表示先前某一日期内缔造的动作或存在的态势，或许是顺次的，也或许是常常的，动作已完结。
2、构成 1) be – was，were 2) 实意动词用先前式来表示，不曾人称和数的变换。
句型转换 1) was, were 提前或直接加 not 2) 实意动词加did或didn't
3、用法 1) 表示先前某一日期内缔造的动作或存在的态势，常与表示先前的日期状语连用 yesterday , last Friday, in 1994, an hour ago, a moment ago, last November, before 1997, on December 26, 1976. yesterday morning.
2) 表示先前常常或重复缔造的动作。 When I was in the university, I did morning exercises every day.
3) had当有讲时，构成疑问和抵赖有两种形式，其他词义同实意动词。
Did you have no friends? He hasn't enough time.
My father doesn't have lunch at factory. Did you have a good time?
三、平凡未来时
1、定义 表示未来某一日期内要缔造的动作或存在的态势，常与表示未来的日期状语连用。如tomorrow, today, this week, next week, next month, next year, next Wednesday, from now on, in a year, in the future
2、构成和用法1)shall 和will +动词原形, 缩写为 'll，抵赖缩写为shan't, won't。
2) be going to do，常用于口语，表示计划去做的事和或许要缔造的事。 It's going to rain.
3) is/ am/ are about to dowhen表即即刻缔造的事,不与日期连用。I was about to leave when it rained.
4) be to do sth. 按计划或职责、责任要求必须做的事或即刻缔造的动作。
5) 终止性动词come, go, leave, arrive等的目向前行时刻表示按计划，料理或即刻进行的动作。
6) 以if, as soon as, when, once, unless等引导的从句的平凡当前时表示平凡未来时。
四、先前未来时
1、定义 表示从先前某一日期来看即刻缔造的动作或存在的态势。
2、构成及用法 should 或would +动词原形，常用于宾语从句中。
We asked him where we should have a meeting. 其他用法见平凡未来时。
五、目向前行时和先前进行时
定义：目向前行时表示1）当前正在进行的动作 2）现阶段一直在进行，继续性 3）当前阶段暂时缔造的动作，暂时性。 is/ am/ are + doing
先前进行时表示1）先前某时正在进行的动作 2）先前某段日期正在进行的动作 3）先前刹那缔造的动作。was/ were + doing
Notes：1. 表料理、计划要缔造的动作可用进行时表示未来时。这些终止性动词有arrive, begin, come, go, leave, start
2. 目向前行时与always, often等频率副词连用，表示厌烦、赞叹等感情。
3. 在条件从句中，日期状语从句管用目向前行时表示未来进行时。
4. 同理，在表条件、日期状语从句中，用先前进行时表示先前未来进行时，在一些表初步，解脱的动词用先前进行时表先前未来时。
用法： 1. 当前完结时表示现阶段完结的动作或存在的态势，动作或态势从先前初步继续到当前，或许终止，
即动作缔造在先前着重对当前的波及，与当前有关，常与 already, ever, lately, just, now, recently, yet,
for + 段日期, since + 点日期；in the last/ past three years, so far, by now, up to now/ present等连用
2. 先前时指先前某时或某一段日期缔造的动作或存在的态势。指的当前之前的状况，与当前无关
3. 先前完结时指的先前某一日期动作之前缔造的动作或存在的态势，先前的先前。常用句型：
1) had done + before/ when/ by the time + did 2) did + after/ until + had done
3) had done + by/ up/ since/ till + 先前日期 4) No sooner had + S. + done than did
5) Hardly/ Scarcely had + S. + done when did 6) had meant to do …
Notes: 1. just刚才表示刚才先前，能够当做与言语日期亲密相连，可与当前完结时连用，也能够与先前时连用。但just now刚才=a moment ago, 只表示先前日期，只与先前时连用。
2. 一些终止性动词不能用完结时态的评判句与继续多久的日期状语连用，要用表态势的动词或用动词+介词短语或+形容词的完结式，还能够用it is+多少日期+since的句型。
3. since自从……以来 conj + 从句 prep + 表示日期点的名词。for prep.+ 多少日期，表示一段日期。
He has been studying since 3 o'clock/ since 3 hours ago/ since he came. He's been here for five hours.
4. in the past/last+多少日期，表示近日一段日期，用完结时，不用先前时。
5. have been去过某地（不在去过地）have gone到某地去了（不在言语地方）。一，二人称不能用have gone。 6. 在美语中have/ has got = have/ has。
7. hardlywhen, no soonerthan 引导倒装句，常与先前完结时连用。
8. hope, intend, mean, plan, think, want常用先前完结时表示先前的志愿而的确不曾达到的状况
初中英语知识：初中英语基础知识
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