小编：英语语法专题116：直接引语和间接引语知多少？赶紧学习！本次英语语法专题我们学习直接引语和间接引语，具体内容如下： 引述或转述别人的话称为引语。直接引用别人的话，两边用
英语语法专题116：直接引语和间接引语知多少？赶紧学习！本次英语语法专题我们学习“直接引语和间接引语”，具体内容如下：
2）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，转换为第一人称。 例句：quot;Youshould not give up hope,quot; my father told me. →My father told me thatIshould not give up hope. 父亲告诉我不应该放弃希望。 3）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话针对第三人称说的，转换成第三人称 例句：She said to her son,quot;Ill checkyourhomework tonight.quot; →She said to her son thatshewould checkhishomework that night. 她对她的儿子说那天晚上会检查他的作业。 4）人称的转换包括人称代词、形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词等 例句：He asked me,quot;Willyougo to the airport withmeto meet a friend ofminethis afternoon ?quot; →He asked me whetherIwould go to the airport withhimto meet a friend ofhisthat afternoon. 他问我那天下午是否和他去机场见他的一个朋友。 二、时态的转换 直接引语改为间接引语时，主句如果是过去式，从句（即间接引语部分）在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际也是宾语从句的时态要求），变化如下： 如果主句为过去时态，则间接引语的时态一般应相应向前推一个时态。如下表所示：
例句：quot;Iamvery glad to visit your school,quot;she said. →She said shewasvery glad to visit our school. 她说她非常高兴参观我们的学校。 例句：Tom said,quot;weare listeningto the classical music.quot; →Tom said that theywere listeningto classical music. 汤姆说他们正在听古典音乐。 例句：Mother asked,quot;Haveyoufinishedyour homework before youplayvideo game ?quot; →Mother asked me whether Ihad finishedmy homework before Iplayedvideo game. 妈妈问我在打电子游戏之前是否已经完成了家庭作业。
例句：He asked the driver,quot;WhereshallIgetoff to change to a No. 5 bus ?quot; →He asked the driver where hewould getoff to change to a No. 5 bus. 他问司机他应该在哪里下车换乘五路公交车。 例句：quot;Whydidntsheattendthe chemical class ?quot; the teacher asked. →The teacher asked why shehadnt attendedthe chemical class. 老师问她为什么没上化学课。 例句：Tom said,quot;Theywere havinga basketball match this time yesterday. →Tom said that theywere havinga basketball match that time the day before. 汤姆说那天这个时间他们正在进行一场篮球赛。 例句：He said,quot;Ihavent heardfrom my parents these days.quot; →He said that hehadnt heardfrom his parents those days. 他说那些天他没有收到父母的来信。 三、直接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态无需改变的情况 1）主句是一般现在时，表示经常发生的、习惯性的动作 例句：He alwayssays,quot;Iamtired out.quot; →He always saysthat heistired out. 他总说他很疲倦。 2）主句是将来时 例句：Hewillsay,quot;Iwillanswer the letters for you.quot; →Hewillsaythat hewillanswer the letters for me. 他说他将帮我回复这些来信。 3）直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语 例句：He said,quot;I wentto Beijing in 1994.quot; →He told us that he wentto Beijing in 1994. 他告诉我们他1994年去的北京。 4）直接引语中有以when，while引导的从句，表示过去的时间 例句：He said,quot;When I was a child,I usually played football after school.quot; →He said that when he was a child,he usually played football after school. 他说当他是个孩子的时候，他经常放学后踢足球。
5）直接引语是客观真理或自然现象 例句：Our teacher said to us,quot;The earth travelsaround the sun.quot; →Our teacher told us that the earth travelsaround the sun. 老师告诉我们地球围绕太阳转。 6）直接引语是谚语、格言 例句：He said,quot;Good medicine tastesbitter to the mouth,but is good for a disease.quot; →He said that good medicine tastesbitter to the mouth,but is good for a disease. 他说良药苦口利于病。 7）直接引语中有情态动词should，would，could，might，must，ought to，need 例句：The doctor said,quot;Youd better drinkplenty of water.quot; →The doctor said Id better drinkplenty of water. 医生说我最好多喝开水。 例句：He said,quot;She must bea doctor.quot; →He said that she must bea doctor. 他说她一定是个医生。 例句：He said,quot;She ought to have arrivedat her office by now.quot; →He said that she ought to have arrivedat her office by then. 他说她那时应该已经到她办公室了。 例句：The manager said,quot;You neednt handin your reports today.quot; →The manager said that we neednt handin your reports that day. 经理说我们没必要交上我们的报告。 注意！转述中的变化要因实际情况而定，不能机械照搬，如果当地转述，here不必改成there，动词come不必改为go，如果当天转述，yesterday、tomorrow、this afternoon等均不必改变。 例句：Teacher:You may have the ball game this afternoon. Student:What did the teacher say,Monitor? Monitor:He said we might have the ball game this afternoon. 四、时间、地点状语及某些对比性的指示代词和动词变化 指示代词、时间状语、方向性动词及情态动词的变化如下表所示：
五、各种句式的变化 1）陈述句 用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可用直接引语中的said，也可用told代替。注意：可以说said that，said to sb. that，不可直接说told that。主句中的谓语动词还可常用repeat、whisper、answer、reply、explain、announce、declare、think等。 例句：He said,quot;I have been to the Palace Museum.quot; →He said to us thathe had been to the Palace Museum. 他对我们说他已经去过故宫了。 例句：The teacher said,quot;Ill give you an examination next Monday.quot; →The teacher told us thathe would give us an examination the next Monday. 老师告诉我们说下周一他将给我们进行一次考试。 例句：He said,quot;Im late because of the bad weather.quot; →He explained to us thathe was late because of the bad weather. 他对我们解释说他迟到的原因是天气不好。 2）疑问句 ①一般疑问句或反问疑问句 间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked（me/him/us等），语序是陈述句的语序，这一点非常重要。 例句：He said,quot;Do you have any difficulty with your writing?quot; →He asked (me) whether/ifI had any difficulty with my writing. 他问我在写作方面是否有困难。 例句：He said,quot;You are interested in basketball,arent you?quot; →He asked whether/ifI was interested in basketball. 他问我对篮球是否感兴趣。 ②选择疑问句 间接引语用whether...or...表达，而不用if...or...，也不用either...or...。 例句：He asked,quot;Do you speak English orFrench?quot; →He asked me whetherI spoke English or French. 他问我说英语还是法语。 例句：I asked,quot;Will you take a bus ortake a train?quot; →I asked him whetherhe would take a bus or take a train. 我问他是乘公共汽车还是乘火车。 ③特殊疑问句 改成间接引语时，原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask （sb.）来表达，语序为陈述句语序。 例句：He asked,quot;Where are you from?quot; →He asked (me) where I was from. 他问我来自什么地方。 例句：He asked,quot;How many airports have been built in your country?quot; →He asked us how many airports had been builtin our country. 他问我们在我们国家已经建了多少机场。 ④含有请求、建议的疑问句 可用ask sb. To do sth. / suggest doing / advise sb. to do sth.等形式转述。 例句：quot;Would you mind closing the window?quot; he asked. →He asked me to closethe window. 他让我关上窗户。 例句：quot;Why not going out for a walk?quot; he asked us. →He advised us to go out for a walk. 他建议我们出去散步。 3）祈使句 改为间接引语，用带to的不定式表达，谓语动词常是ask、advise、tell、warn、order、request等，如ask sb. to do（由肯定祈使句转变），ask sb. not to do（由否定祈使句转变），并且在不定式短语中的时间状语、地点状语、人称及时态都作相应的变化。 例句：He said,quot;Stand up,please.quot; →He asked us to standup. 他让我们站起来。 例句：quot;Do be careful with your handwriting.quot; He said. →He told me to becareful with my handwriting. 他让我写字认真点。 例句：quot;Never come here again!quot; the officer said to the villagers. →The officer ordered the villagers never to gothere again. 这名官员命令这些村民永远别再去那儿。 例句：quot;Dont touch anything in the lab without permission,quot; the teacher said. →The teacher warned the students not to touch anything in the lab without permission. 这位老师警告学生们未经允许不要触摸实验室里的任何东西。 含有“建议”、“劝告”的祈使句，可用suggest，insist，offer等动词转述。 例句：He said,quot;Lets have a rest.quot; →He suggested our/us having a rest. 他建议我们休息一下。 例句：He said,quot;Let me help you.quot; →He offered to help me. 他主动提出帮我。 4）感叹句 变间接引语可用what或how引导，也可用that引导。 例句：She said,quot;What a lovely girl she is!quot; →She said what a lovely girl she was. 或She said that she was a lovely girl. 她说多可爱的小姑娘啊！ 以上就是“直接引语和间接引语”的内容，咱们一定要结合例句学习句法和语法，这样更容易理解和实操英语！ 后面有更多英语专题内容分享给大家，感兴趣的朋友可以点击“关注”。 欢迎各位留言讨论，或者收藏，或者转发给身边的亲朋好友，大家一起学习、共同进步。 学好英语并不难，听说读写重复练！坚持就会有提高，加油！
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